Present-day medical treatment of CLI includes spinal cord stimulation, antiplatelet drugs, defibrinating agents, vasoactive substances, and prostanoids. Therapies of choice, such as distal bypass surgery for extensive arterial disease, and alternative procedures are also surveyed.

Clinical and surgical specialists concerned with endovascular and surgical intervention will benefit from this engaging treatise that stretches from general to specific medical conditions of CLI, quality of life, long-term morbidity and mortality, and the role of primary amputation.