Philosophical Investigations, 4th Edition

Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning,
Volume 1 of An Analytical Commentary
on the Philosophical Investigations
Part I: Essays
G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker
Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker

Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning,
Volume 1 of An Analytical Commentary
on the Philosophical Investigations
Part II: Exegesis §§1–184
G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker
Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker

Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity,
Volume 2 of An Analytical Commentary
on the Philosophical Investigations
Essays and Exegesis of §§185–242
G. P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker
Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker

Immediately upon its posthumous publication in 1953, Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations was hailed as a masterpiece, and the ensuing years have confirmed this initial assessment. Today it is widely acknowledged to be the single most important philosophical work of the twentieth century.

In this definitive new en face German-English edition, Wittgenstein experts Peter Hacker and Joachim Schulte have incorporated significant editorial changes to earlier editions of Philosophical Investigations in order to reflect more closely Wittgenstein’s original intentions. Notable revisions include the placement of Wittgenstein’s notes – Randbemerkungen – into their designated positions in the text, some corrections to the originally published German text, and the numbering of all the remarks in what was called Part 2 and is now named Philosophy of Psychology – A Fragment. Extensive modifications and corrections have also been made to G. E. M. Anscombe’s original English translation. Detailed editorial endnotes have been added to illuminate difficult translation decisions and to identify references and allusions in Wittgenstein’s original text.

About the Author

M. S. Hacker is Emeritus Research Fellow at St John’s College, Oxford. He is the leading authority on the philosophy of Wittgenstein and the author of the four-volume Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations (Blackwell, 1980-96) the first two volumes co-authored with G. P. Baker (2nd revised eds, 2003, 2009) and of Wittgenstein’s Place in Twentieth-century Analytic Philosophy (Blackwell, 1996). He has also written extensively on philosophy of mind, including Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience (Blackwell, 2003) and History of Cognitive Neuroscience (Wiley-Blackwell, 2008), co-authored with M. R. Bennett, and Human Nature: The Categorial Framework (Blackwell, 2007), the first volume of a trilogy on human nature.

Joachim Schulte teaches philosophy at the University of Zurich. He is also a professional translator, and editor of Wittgenstein’s writings. He edited the authoritative critical-genetic edition of Wittgenstein’s Philosophische Untersuchungen (Suhrkamp, 2001). He is author of Wittgenstein – an Introduction (1989), Chor und Gesetz: Wittgenstein im Kontext (Suhrkamp,1990), Experience and Expression – Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Psychology (Clarendon Press, 1993), and of many dozens of philosophical papers.

Features

Definitive new edition of the most important work of 20^th-century philosophy
Includes the German text alongside an en face English translation
The extensively revised English translation incorporates many hundreds of changes to Anscombe’s original translation
Footnoted remarks in the earlier editions have now been relocated in the text
What was previously referred to as ‘Part 2’ is now republished as Philosophy of Psychology – A Fragment, and all the remarks in it are numbered for ease of reference
New detailed editorial endnotes explain decisions of translators and identify references and allusions in Wittgenstein's original text
Now features new essays on the history of the Philosophical Investigations, and the problems of translating Wittgenstein’s text

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