Nick Manning, Prof., University of Nottingham, Head of School of Sociology and Social Policy. His recent research has focused upon Russia, with EU funded projects on employment and labour market change, and on poverty, ethnicity and political stability. He has published widely on these issuesand also upon aspects of health, particularly mental health. His recent publications include reports for UNICEF on women and social policy in Eastern Europe, for the High Security Psychiatric Services Commissioning Board on security and personality disorder. Forthcoming books deal with research methods, citizen action and unemployment in Russia.

Ian Shaw, Dr, University of Nottingham, School of Sociology and Social Policy. On the Executive of the Social Policy Association. His recent research has focused upon Health concerns and he is deputy director of the Centre for Research in Medical Sociology and Health Policy. He holds current projects examining the work of the Mental Health Act Commission and various issues in Quality Assurance. He has published 2 books dealing with Policy Evaluation and recent publications include work on Scandinavian Welfare States, Mental Health, and Social Administration. He has a forthcoming book exploring various theoretical approaches to mental health and illness.